Standard acre definition and state-wise bigha variations
While international and national revenue surveys define the acre consistently, the bigha is regionally determined.
State-wise conversion standards for 1 standard acre:
- Standard acre definition: 1 acre = 43,560 square feet = 4,046.86 square meters = 4,840 square yards = 0.4047 hectares.
- Uttar Pradesh (Pucca Bigha): 1 acre equals approximately 1.6 to 1.61 Pucca Bigha (where 1 Pucca Bigha = 27,225 sq ft).
- Uttar Pradesh (Kachha Bigha): 1 acre equals approximately 4.8 to 5.0 Kachha Bighas in western districts.
- Bihar: 1 acre equals approximately 1.6 bighas (where 1 bigha = 27,220 sq ft, divided into 20 khattas).
- West Bengal and Assam: 1 acre equals exactly 3.025 bighas (where 1 bigha = 14,400 sq ft = 20 kottahs).
- Rajasthan: 1 acre equals approximately 1.6 Pucca Bigha, or 2.5 to 3.0 Kachha Bighas depending on the revenue tehsil.
Sub-units: Bigha, Biswa, Katha and Dhur
Each bigha is further subdivided into traditional regional land measurement fractions:
Regional measurement hierarchies:
- North India (UP, Haryana, Delhi): 1 Bigha = 20 Biswas; 1 Biswa = 20 Biswansis.
- Eastern India (Bihar, Jharkhand, Bengal): 1 Bigha = 20 Kathas (or Khattas); 1 Katha = 20 Dhurs.
- Punjab and Haryana: Land is primarily surveyed in Killas and Kanals (1 Acre = 1 Killa = 8 Kanals = 160 Marlas); 1 Killa equals approximately 4 to 5 traditional bighas.
- Central India (MP, Chhattisgarh): 1 acre equals approximately 1.6 to 2.0 bighas depending on local settlement survey standards.
Verifying land area on official state Bhulekh portals
To prevent boundary disputes during land purchases, loan mortgages, or government subsidy applications, farmers should avoid relying solely on oral local estimates. Always inspect the digitized Record of Rights (RoR / Khasra-Khatauni) on your state Bhulekh portal, where plot dimensions are legally recorded in hectares or square meters.
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Common questions
How many square feet are in 1 standard acre?
One standard acre equals exactly 43,560 square feet (or approximately 4,047 square meters).
How many bighas make 1 acre in Uttar Pradesh?
In Uttar Pradesh, 1 acre equals approximately 1.6 Pucca Bighas, or roughly 5 Kachha Bighas in western parts of the state.
Where can a farmer legally verify the exact bigha measurement of their land?
Farmers can verify legal plot areas on their respective state Bhulekh revenue portal using their Khasra or Khata number.
General guidance, not personal advice. For your farm, ask your local Krishi Vigyan Kendra or agriculture officer.
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