Tillage equipment: Primary and secondary cultivation
Tillage implements break, invert, and pulverize soil to create an aerated, weed-free seedbed.
Core tillage machinery and implements:
- Mouldboard (MB) plough: Heavy primary tillage tool that cuts, lifts, inverts, and shatters furrow slices to bury weeds and crop stubble.
- Disc plough: Heavy concave steel discs designed to invert soil in hard, stony, or root-infested ground where shear pins on MB ploughs might break.
- Rotavator / Rotary tiller: High-speed PTO-driven rotating L-shaped blades that pulverize soil clods into a fine tilth in a single tractor pass.
- Cultivator / Tiller: Rigid or spring-loaded tyne implement used for secondary tillage, aerating the topsoil and uprooting weed flushes.
- Disc harrow: Gangs of rotating steel discs used to break heavy dry clods, chop weed stalks, and mix basal fertilizers into the root zone.
Sowing, planting and plant protection equipment
Precision planting and targeted chemical application optimize crop emergence and health:
Sowing and protection implements:
- Seed-cum-fertilizer drill: Drops calibrated quantities of certified seed and granular basal fertilizer simultaneously at uniform depth and spacing.
- Super seeder: Simultaneously mulches standing paddy stubble into soil while sowing wheat seeds without field burning.
- Pneumatic planter: Uses vacuum suction to single-meter precision seeds like maize, cotton, and sunflower at exact plant-to-plant intervals.
- Tractor-mounted boom sprayer: Features wide horizontal spray booms with pressure nozzles to deliver uniform crop protection over large acreages.
- Agricultural drones: Aerial battery-powered multicopters fitted with radar and ultra-low-volume nozzles for rapid foliar spraying.
Harvesting and post-harvest equipment
Mechanizing harvest operations safeguards crop yield and reduces seasonal labor shortages. Essential equipment includes crop reapers for cutting cereal windrows, multi-crop threshers for grain-chaff separation, combine harvesters for integrated harvesting, and straw reapers (bhusa machines) for cattle fodder recovery. Most implements are eligible for capital subsidies under SMAM (agrimachinery.nic.in).
Official source
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Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) ↗Related on KisanPe
Common questions
What is the difference between primary and secondary tillage implements?
Primary tillage tools (ploughs, subsoilers) deeply fracture and invert compact soil; secondary tillage tools (rotavators, harrows) pulverize clods into a fine seedbed.
What is the function of a seed-cum-fertilizer drill?
It places seeds and granular basal fertilizers simultaneously at precise depths and row spacings, ensuring uniform germination.
Where can farmers verify government subsidies on agricultural implements?
Farmers can check subsidies on the central Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization portal (agrimachinery.nic.in) or state agriculture portals.
General guidance, not personal advice. For your farm, ask your local Krishi Vigyan Kendra or agriculture officer.
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