Primary and secondary land preparation tools
- Hand tools: Spades (phawra), pickaxes (kudali), and hand hoes (khurpi) used for nursery bed shaping, trench digging, and manual weeding.
- Primary tillage: Mouldboard ploughs, disc ploughs, and subsoilers that penetrate compacted subsoil, turn vegetative residues, and aerate soil layers.
- Secondary tillage: Cultivators, disc harrows, and rotary tillers (rotavators) that break clods, create fine tilth, and level seedbeds for sowing.
Sowing, intercultural, and plant protection tools
- Sowing equipment: Seed-cum-fertilizer drills, zero-till seeders, raised-bed planters, and automated paddy transplanters that place seed at precise depth.
- Weeding tools: Wheel hoes, rotary power weeders, and peg weeders that cut surface weeds between crop rows while preserving root zones.
- Plant protection: Manual lever-operated knapsack sprayers, battery electric sprayers, motorized power sprayers, and agricultural drone sprayers.
Harvesting tools and government mechanization schemes
- Harvesting: Serrated sickles, self-propelled walking reapers, reaper-binders, and combine harvesters that minimize grain shattering losses.
- Threshing and post-harvest: Multi-crop power threshers, winnowing fans, grain cleaners, and portable moisture meters.
- Subsidies: Tools and machinery are subsidized under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) via agrimachinery.nic.in.
Official source
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Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) ↗Related on KisanPe
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- Agriculture Subsidy Guide →
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Common questions
What are primary tillage tools?
Primary tillage tools include mouldboard ploughs, disc ploughs, and subsoilers used for initial deep soil opening.
What tool is best for weeding between narrow crop rows?
A hand khurpi or a wheel hoe is ideal for precise manual weeding between narrow crop rows.
Which machine sows seed and applies fertilizer simultaneously?
A seed-cum-fertilizer drill deposits seeds and basal fertilizer in separate bands simultaneously.
Where can farmers apply for subsidies on agricultural tools?
On the central SMAM portal (agrimachinery.nic.in) or state agriculture department mechanization portals.
General guidance, not personal advice. For your farm, ask your local Krishi Vigyan Kendra or agriculture officer.
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